Pada situasi ini tingkat kurs diantara kedua negara akan menentukan opsi mana yang dipilih oleh konsumen dan oleh karenanya arah perdagangan kedua negara.ġ4 How Can Money Change The Direction of Trade?Īndaikan nilai kurs 1 U$ = 1 Real, bagaimanakah arah perdagangan? Harga Kayu (per kaki) dan Baja Gulung (per meter) dinyatakan dalam Dollar (1 U$ = 1 Real) Harga Kayu (per kaki) dan Baja Gulung (per meter) dinyatakan dalam Real (1 U$ = 1 Real) Amerika Brazil Kayu U$ 1 U$ 5 1 real 5 real Baja U$ 2 U$ 4 2 real 4 real Ketika tingkat kurs adalah 1U$=1real, tingkat harga Amerika lebih rendah dibandingkan Brazil. Production Possibility Frontiers (figure 3.1) Figure 3.1ġ3 How Can Money Change The Direction of Trade?Ĭontoh Harga dalam negeri Kayu dan Baja Gulung di Amerika dan Brazil Amerika Brazil Kayu U$ 1 5 real Baja U$ 2 4 Real Konsumen dikedua negara memiliki opsi membeli produk lokal atau produk impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Terms of Trade – at a rate of ¾ bolt of cloth for 1 ton of soybeans Terms of Trade – at a rate of 1 bolt of cloth for 1 ton of soybeans Gains from Specialization and Trade Keunggulan komparatif Amerika terletak di produksi kacang kedelai Biaya peluang produksi baju di Amerika adalah 2 unit baju. Kelebihan produksi dieksporĪ nation having absolute disadvantages in the production of two goods with respect to another nation has a comparative or relative advantage in the production of the good in which its absolute disadvantage is lessĮxample 1/2 1 2 1 Each Country Specializes Di Amerika, biaya peluang produksi per unit kacang kedelai adalah ½ unit baju-setiap penambahan 1 unit baju membutuhkan pengorbanan ½ unit baju. Theory that a nation has absolute advantage when it can produce a larger amount of a good or service for the same amount of inputs as can another country or When it can produce the same amount of a good or service using fewer inputs than could another countryħ Absolute Advantage Example Each Country SpecializesĨ Absolute Advantage Terms of Trade (Ratio of International Prices) Gains from Specialization and Trade Asumsikan setelah perdagangan konsumsi domestik atas barang yg diekspor sama dengan sebelum perdagangan. Mercantilism Economic philosophy based on belief that (1) a nation’s wealth depends on accumulated treasure, usually gold, and (2) to increase wealth, government policies should promote exports and discourage imports All rights reserved.ģ Learning Objectives Explain the theories that attempt to explain why certain goods are traded internationally Discuss the arguments for imposing trade restrictions Explain two basic kinds of import restrictions: tariff and nontariff trade barriersĤ Learning Objectives Appreciate the relevance of changing status of tariff and nontariff barriers to managers Explain some of the theories of foreign direct investment Mankiw, N.2 Theories of International Trade and InvestmentĬhapter three Theories of International Trade and Investment McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 11/e Copyright © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
(1990), Macroeconomics and the Wage Bargain, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-877245-9 (2004), "IS-LM-BP: An Inquest" (PDF), History of Political Economy, 36 (Suppl 1): 127–164, doi: 10.1215/00182702-36-Suppl_1-127, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal, diakses tanggal (Tells the difference between the IS-LM-BP model and the Mundell–Fleming model.)
"Domestic financial policies under fixed and floating exchange rates". Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science. "Capital mobility and stabilization policy under fixed and flexible exchange rates".